Elton Mayo conducted a series of experiments at the Hawthorne plant of the Western Electric Company between 1927 and 1932 (known as Hawthorne Studies) to study the impact of human factors on productivity. The Hawthorne Studies are divided into three groups: 1. Test Room Studies: 2. Interviewing Studies 3. Observation Studies. 1. Test Room Studies: These studies were conducted by [...]
After reading this article you will learn about:- 1. Features of Contingency Theory 2. Evaluation of Contingency Theory 3. Limitations. Features of Contingency Theory: 1. Management is situational in nature. The technique of management depends on complexity of the situation. 2. It is the 'if and 'then 'approach to management, 'If' represents the independent variable and 'then' represents the dependent [...]
This article throws light upon the six main components of a system. The components are: 1. Sub-System 2. Synergy 3. Open and Closed Systems 4. System Boundary 5. Flow 6. Feedback. Component # 1. Sub-System: Each part of the bigger whole is a sub-system. These parts make the whole organisation. Each sub-system is part of the larger system which, in [...]