After reading this article you will learn about:- 1. Meaning of Span of Management 2. Factors Affecting Span of Management 3. Graicunas Theory. Meaning of Span of Management: Depending upon the complexity of organisational activities and relationships amongst superiors and subordinates, it becomes important the superiors manage an optimum number of subordinates that result in optimum organisational output. All the [...]
After reading this article you will learn about:- 1. Meaning of Formal Organisation 2. Features of Formal Organisation 3. Merits 4. Limitations. Meaning of Formal Organisation: Formal organisation is a well-defined structure of authority and responsibility that defines delegation of authority and relationships amongst the organisational members. It works along pre-defined set of policies, plans, procedures, schedules and programmes. Most [...]
This article throws light upon the top three theories of formal organisation. The theories are: 1. Classical Theory 2. Human and Participative Theories 3. Contingency Theory. 1. Classical Theory: It focuses on structure, design and features like specialisation, scalar chain, departmentation, span of control, centralisation/decentralisation etc. The structure is created and people are appointed to run the various departments. Human [...]