After reading this article you will learn about:- 1. Meaning of 'Management by Exception' 2. Merits of 'Management by Exception' 3. Principles. Meaning of 'Management by Exception': Trying to control everything may end up in controlling nothing". Managers cannot control every organisational activity. This is neither desirable nor possible within the frame of time, money and resource constraints. If actual [...]
After reading this article you will learn about:- 1. Meaning of Control 2. Nature of Control 3. Importance 4. Types 5. Behavioural Aspects 6. Resistance 7. Principles. Meaning of Control: Best framed plans, well-designed organisation structures, effective directions and intelligent staff cannot produce results if organisational activities are not controlled scientifically. Authority-responsibility relationships may not always be cordial, managers may [...]
This article throws light upon the top six traditional techniques of control exercised in an organisation. The traditional techniques are: 1. Personal Observation 2. Budgetary Control 3. Break-Even Analysis 4. Financial Statements 5. Statistical Data and Reports 6. Quality Control. Traditional Technique # 1. Personal Observation: This is the simplest way to control organisational activities where managers take rounds at [...]