In this article we will discuss about the cost and types of hedging adopted by companies to mitigate exchange rate risk. Cost of Hedging: Companies use contractual and non-contractual methods to hedge exchange rate risk. Transaction exposure is hedged through contractual and non-contractual methods. Translation exposure can be hedged through contractual methods. Operating exposure is difficult to hedge given the [...]
The following points highlight the top four theories of exchange rates. The theories are: 1. Purchasing Power Parity Theory (PPP) 2. Interest Rate Parity Theory (IRP) 3. International Fisher Effect (IFE) Theory 4. Unbiased Forward Rate Theory (UFR). 1. Purchasing Power Parity Theory (PPP): The PPP theory applies to commodities. There are two variants of the PPP: the absolute PPP [...]
The following points highlight the five main approaches used for determining exchange rates. The approaches are: 1. The Purchasing Power Parity Approach 2. The Balance of Payments and the Internal-External Balance Approach 3. The Monetary Approach 4. The Portfolio Balance Approach 5. Interest Rate Parity. 1. The Purchasing Power Parity Approach: Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) theory holds that in the [...]