The following article will guide you to learn about how to prepare a pessimistic and optimistic budget of a firm. In decision-making the first step is usually to make a single 'best estimate' for each item. The worst possible/best possible outcomes can be evaluated from the pessimistic and optimistic attitudes of the decisions made. An optimistic decision maker consider the [...]
The following points highlight the seven main methods used in determination of cash flow from business activities of a firm. The methods are: 1. Payback Period Method 2. Accounting Rate of Return Method 3. Net Present Value Method 4. Internal Rate of Return (IRR) Method 5. Profitability Index (PI) Method 6. Discounted Payback Period Method 7. Terminal Value Method. 1. [...]
The below mentioned article provides a formula to calculate Internal Growth Rate (IGR) of a firm. IGR is the maximum growth rate a firm can achieve without going for external financing. All the financing requirements are met internally from the internal accruals. IGR can be expressed as follows: Where, ROA = Return on assets i.e. (PAT/Total assets) b = Retention [...]